Looking Beyond Label Noise: Shifted Label Distribution Matters in Distantly Supervised Relation Extraction

In recent years there is a surge of interest in applying distant supervision (DS) to automatically generate training data for relation extraction (RE). In this paper, we study the problem what limits the performance of DS-trained neural models, conduct thorough analyses, and identify a factor that can influence the performance greatly, shifted label distribution. Specifically, we found this problem commonly exists in real-world DS datasets, and without special handing, typical DS-RE models cannot automatically adapt to this shift, thus achieving deteriorated performance. To further validate our intuition, we develop a simple yet effective adaptation method for DS-trained models, bias adjustment, which updates models learned over the source domain (i.e., DS training set) with a label distribution estimated on the target domain (i.e., test set). Experiments demonstrate that bias adjustment achieves consistent performance gains on DS-trained models, especially on neural models, with an up to 23% relative F1 improvement, which verifies our assumptions. Our code and data can be found at \url{https://github.com/INK-USC/shifted-label-distribution}.Comment: 13 pages: 10 pages paper, 3 pages appendix. Appears at EMNLP 201

The simulation model of sucker rod string transverse vibration under the space buckling deformation excitation and rod-tubing eccentric wear in vertical wells

Considering the limitations of the static buckling theory on the eccentric wear of sucker rod and tubing, a new dynamic analysis method for the transverse vibration of sucker rod in the tubing is proposed. Taking the axial distribution load at the rod body and the dynamic load at the bottom into account, the dynamic model of transverse vibration is established based on the space buckling configuration of rod string which regarded as the deformation excitation during the down stroke. To solve the mathematical equations, the finite difference method is used to discretize the well depth, and the Newmark-beta method is used to discretize the time. Meanwhile, a restitution coefficient is introduced to depict the change of velocity and the momentum after the collision. The result shows the phenomenon of rod-tubing collision occurs mainly in the down stroke after the rod string post buckling; the collision force from the wellhead to the bottom increases gradually, of which distributed almost along the entire well depth; and the high frequency collision occurs below the neutral point where the collision force is also the biggest. Further, the collision frequency and the collision force decrease successively from the neutral point to the wellhead direction. But during the up stroke, few collisions occur, and the collision force is also very small. The simulation model is suitable for the eccentric wear analysis of rod-tubing, and provides a new theoretical basis for the optimal allocation of the centralizer

Vibration-based damage growth monitoring in beam-like structures

Damage growth monitoring plays an important role in providing early warning of structural failure. The existing methods for damage growth monitoring are mainly local inspection methods, such as acoustic emission. These methods need a priori knowledge of accessible damage vicinity, which may not be realized in practice. Hence, vibration-based global approach is adopted to overcome these difficulties. Natural frequency, as a global modal parameter, can be measured easily and is used for vibration-based damage growth monitoring in this study. A concept of damage-induced relative natural frequency change (RNFC) curve is defined first and its relation with mode shape is then derived analytically, giving a good way to approximate RNFC curves. For monitoring damage growth, a damage growth indicator is proposed based on RNFCs between two damaged stages of a beam. The effectiveness of the indicator for damage growth monitoring is proved by both numerical and experimental cases in beam-like structures

A miniaturized ultrasonic micro-hole perforator for minimally invasive craniotomy

Objective: Micro-hole perforation on skull is urgently desired for minimally invasive insertion of micro-tools in brain for diagnostic or treatment purpose. However, a micro drill bit would easily fracture, making it difficult to safely generate a micro-hole on the hard skull. Methods: In this study, we present a method for ultrasonic vibration assisted micro-hole perforation on skull in a manner similar to subcutaneous injection on soft tissue. For this purpose, a high amplitude miniaturized ultrasonic tool with a 500 μm tip diameter micro-hole perforator was developed with simulation and experimental characterization. In-depth investigation of micro-hole generation mechanism was performed with systematic experiments on animal skull with a bespoke test rig; effects of vibration amplitude and feed rate on hole forming characteristics were systematically studied. It was observed that by exploiting skull bone's unique structural and material properties, the ultrasonic micro-perforator could locally damage bone tissue with micro-porosities, induce sufficient plastic deformation to bone tissue around the micro-hole and refrain elastic recovery after tool withdraw, generating a micro-hole on skull without material. Results : Under optimized conditions, high quality micro-holes could be formed on the hard skull with a force (< 1N) even smaller than that for subcutaneous injection on soft skin. Conclusion: This study would provide a safe and effective method and a miniaturized device for micro-hole perforation on skull for minimally invasive neural interventions

Molecular Cloning, Expression Profiling, and Marker Validation of the Chicken Myoz3 Gene

Myozenin3 (Myoz3) has been reported to bind multiple Z-disc proteins and hence play a key role in signal transduction and muscle fiber type differentiation. The purpose of current study is to better understand the basic characteristics of Myoz3. Firstly, we cloned the ORF (open reading frame) of the Myoz3 gene. AA (amino acid) sequence analysis revealed that the Myoz3 gene encodes a 26 kDa protein which have 97% identities with that of turkey. Expression profiling showed that Myoz3 mRNA is mainly expressed in leg muscle and breast muscle. Furthermore, we investigated Myoz3 gene polymorphisms in two broiler breeds, the Yellow Bantam (YB) and the Avian. Five SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) were identified in the YB breed and 3 were identified in the Avian breed. Genotypes and haplotype were constructed and their associations with carcass traits were analyzed. In the YB breed, c.516 C>T had a strong effect on both shank bone length and the * value of breast muscle, and the H1H3 diplotype had the highest FC compared to other diplotypes. The markers identified in this study may serve as useful targets for the marker-assisted selection (MAS) of growth and meat quality traits in chickens

A novel switchgear state assessment framework based on improved fuzzy C-means clustering method with deep belief network

Due to the problems such as fuzzy state assessment grading boundaries, the recognition accuracy is low when using traditional fuzzy techniques to grade the switchgear state. To address this problem, this paper proposes a switchgear state assessment and grading method based on deep belief network (DBN) and improved fuzzy C-means clustering (IFCM). Firstly, the switchgear state information data are processed by normalization method; then the feature parameters are extracted from the switchgear state information data by using DBN, and finally the extracted feature parameters are categorised according to the condition of switchgear equipment through clustering using IFCM. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the method in assessing the switchgear state under small sample conditions reaches 94, which exceeds the accuracy of other switchgear state assessment grading methods currently in use

The ABC130 barrel module prototyping programme for the ATLAS strip tracker

For the Phase-II Upgrade of the ATLAS Detector, its Inner Detector, consisting of silicon pixel, silicon strip and transition radiation sub-detectors, will be replaced with an all new 100 % silicon tracker, composed of a pixel tracker at inner radii and a strip tracker at outer radii. The future ATLAS strip tracker will include 11,000 silicon sensor modules in the central region (barrel) and 7,000 modules in the forward region (end-caps), which are foreseen to be constructed over a period of 3.5 years. The construction of each module consists of a series of assembly and quality control steps, which were engineered to be identical for all production sites. In order to develop the tooling and procedures for assembly and testing of these modules, two series of major prototyping programs were conducted: an early program using readout chips designed using a 250 nm fabrication process (ABCN-25) and a subsequent program using a follow-up chip set made using 130 nm processing (ABC130 and HCC130 chips). This second generation of readout chips was used for an extensive prototyping program that produced around 100 barrel-type modules and contributed significantly to the development of the final module layout. This paper gives an overview of the components used in ABC130 barrel modules, their assembly procedure and findings resulting from their tests.Comment: 82 pages, 66 figure

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements